The venice data contains the 10 largest yearly sea levels (in cm)
from 1887 until 2019. Only the yearly maximum is available for 1922
and the six largest observations for 1936.
Format
a data frame with 133 rows and 11 columns containing the year of the measurement (first column)
and ordered 10-largest yearly observations, reported in decreasing order from largest (r1) to smallest (r10).
Source
City of Venice, Historical archive <https://www.comune.venezia.it/node/6214>. Last accessed November 5th, 2020.
Note
Smith (1986) notes that the annual maxima seems to fluctuate around a constant sea level up to 1930 or so, after which there is potential linear trend. Records of threshold exceedances above 80 cm (reported on the website) indicate that observations are temporally clustered.
The observations from 1931 until 1981 can be found in Table 1 in Smith (1986), who reported data from Pirazzoli (1982). The values from 1983 until 2019 were extracted by Anthony Davison from the City of Venice website (accessed in May 2020) and are licensed under the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 license. The Venice City website indicates that later measurements were recorded by an instrument located in Punta Salute.
References
Smith, R. L. (1986) Extreme value theory based on the r largest annual events. Journal of Hydrology 86, 27–43.
Pirazzoli, P., 1982. Maree estreme a Venezia (periodo 1872-1981). Acqua Aria 10, 1023-1039.
Coles, S. G. (2001) An Introduction to Statistical Modelling of Extreme Values. London: Springer.